對(duì)于多數(shù)從事外貿(mào)相關(guān)業(yè)務(wù)的工作人員而言，對(duì)于信用證操作流程都有所了解，畢竟這是展開外貿(mào)交易的核心重點(diǎn)所在，但是對(duì)于在具體操作過程中需要關(guān)注到的一些細(xì)節(jié)卻沒有做好掌握，這對(duì)于后期相關(guān)業(yè)務(wù)展開而言會(huì)帶來一定的影響，因此在這方面千萬不能馬虎。從事相關(guān)外貿(mào)業(yè)務(wù)的工作人員都應(yīng)該知道，在信用證操作之中其基礎(chǔ)是產(chǎn)品的銷售方和購買方已經(jīng)確定達(dá)成了跟單信用證支付這一條款，此后才會(huì)展開相關(guān)業(yè)務(wù)，但是在相關(guān)的信用證使用時(shí)如何進(jìn)行開戶行的選擇等等，根據(jù)企業(yè)的不同是有差異性的。
例如：
Dear Ms. Gerrard
We are glad to have your reply. In this transaction, you have no objection to the price of these antifreeze plastics. This is the basis for our subsequent business. As for the quantity of products you require, we are unable to meet your demand in the near future.
In your reply, you requested us to ship 15 tons of antifreeze plastic products to the public welfare company before October 25. This quantity is not achievable for our company at present. As a result of the large number of antifreeze plastic products being purchased by various countries in the near future, the inventory of the products is only about 6 tons, and the 15 tons required by your company. Our company will be able to deliver the goods only in October 30th or so.
In addition, we are very sorry that the opening bank is JPMorgan Chase & Co. for your documentary credit, which will cause us a lot of inconvenience. We hope that you can open the corresponding L/C through Citibank as the issuing bank, and promptly send a confirmed L/C to Citibank, Dalian, China, notifying us that we will ship 15 tons of antifreeze plastic products to Dalian Port by the end of October.
尊敬的杰拉德女士
能夠獲得您的回函，我公司非常高興，在本次業(yè)務(wù)往來中貴公司對(duì)于這批防凍塑膠品的交易價(jià)格沒有異議，這是促成我們此后交易的基礎(chǔ)，而對(duì)于貴公司所需要購求產(chǎn)品數(shù)量問題，我公司在近期內(nèi)無法滿足貴公司的需求。
貴公司在回函中要求我公司在10月25日之前為公益公司發(fā)貨防凍塑膠品15噸，這一數(shù)量對(duì)于我公司而言目前而言是無法達(dá)到的，由于近期階段各國(guó)都在大量購入防凍塑膠品，因此產(chǎn)品庫存最多時(shí)僅為六噸左右，貴公司所需求的15噸數(shù)量我公司最快要在10月30日左右才可以悉數(shù)發(fā)貨。
此外非常抱歉，對(duì)于貴公司所給出的跟單信用證，開戶銀行為摩根大通銀行，這會(huì)給我方帶來諸多不便。希望貴方可以在花旗銀行作為開證行，通過該行為受益人開出相應(yīng)信用證，并及時(shí)發(fā)函中國(guó)大連花旗銀行開出保兌信用證，并及時(shí)通知我方，我方會(huì)在10月末將防凍塑膠品15噸發(fā)貨到大連港。
如上發(fā)盤函中就涉及到了信用證操作流程中到重要環(huán)節(jié)確定銀行問題，首先是“In addition, we are very sorry that the opening bank is JPMorgan Chase & Co. for your documentary credit, which will cause us a lot of inconvenience.”之所以該外貿(mào)公司會(huì)有這一點(diǎn)要求，是因?yàn)橐袑?shí)保證自己的利益，由于J.P. Morgan Chase Bank在國(guó)內(nèi)相應(yīng)業(yè)務(wù)往來極少，所以在短時(shí)間內(nèi)確認(rèn)詳實(shí)信息困難，一旦在交易中出現(xiàn)偏差，銷售方的利益很難得到保障，基于此種原因該公司要求“We hope that you can open the corresponding L/C at Citibank as the issuing bank through the beneficiary of the act and promptly send a confirmed L/C to Citibank, Dalian, China, and notify us in time.”明確對(duì)方在進(jìn)行開證行選擇時(shí)要以花旗銀行為主，以此確定賣方為受益人的信用證。而在相關(guān)保兌信用證方面則是由該銀行在大連開設(shè)的支行來達(dá)成的。這種做法的好處有什么呢?這種做法的好處在于能夠方便賣方企業(yè)及時(shí)了解相關(guān)信息，減少中間環(huán)節(jié)流程，避免在整個(gè)交易過程中出現(xiàn)任何漏洞，確保賣方利益，銷售方能夠第一時(shí)間獲得花旗銀行的通知，獲悉信用證是否已經(jīng)在購買方發(fā)貨時(shí)間之前確定，此后銷售方可以第一時(shí)間溝通購買方進(jìn)行船只確認(rèn)、港口確認(rèn)以及相關(guān)保險(xiǎn)業(yè)務(wù)確認(rèn)等等。最后則是The issuing bank shall, after examining the documents, pay the bank which has paid, accepted or negotiated in accordance with the L/C in a pre-agreed form.。至此外貿(mào)交易中的買賣雙方都有了可靠的保障，從而達(dá)成相關(guān)交易。
如上所述，信用證操作流程中的細(xì)節(jié)是很多行業(yè)新人在實(shí)際業(yè)務(wù)展開過程中所忽視的，而這一點(diǎn)對(duì)于公司在交易過程中所具有的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)掌控能力影響非常大，一旦外貿(mào)公司在涉外交易過程中，風(fēng)控?zé)o法掌握，那么此后的任何一單生意所存在的虧損可能性都會(huì)明顯提升，達(dá)成The seller and the buyer stipulate the payment of documentary credits in the trade contract， 在國(guó)外企業(yè)為銷售方時(shí)，更會(huì)重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)調(diào)，由于國(guó)外企業(yè)在這方面的發(fā)展較為完善，因此所側(cè)重的細(xì)節(jié)也會(huì)更多一些，在外貿(mào)交易往來中如果國(guó)內(nèi)企業(yè)為購買方，對(duì)于這些細(xì)節(jié)就更要留意。
